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market failure
market failure
Danh từ
Số nhiều: market failures
This term is a technical concept used primarily in economics and public policy to describe an inefficiency in the allocation of resources. It carries a neutral, analytical tone and is typically found in academic textbooks, policy papers, and financial reports rather than in casual conversation.
Because it describes a systemic breakdown of the price mechanism, it is often paired with terms like "intervention" or "regulation," as the identification of a market failure is usually the theoretical justification for government action to correct the imbalance.
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pareto efficiencyexternalitypublic goodmonopolyoligopolyinefficiencydeadweight losssocial welfarepareto optimalityinterventionregulationsubsidytaxprice ceilingprice floorcompetitionmarket powerbarrier to entryunderproductionoverproductionconsumer surplusproducer surplusequilibriumdemandsupplyutilityincentivepublic sectorprivate sectormarginal costmarginal benefitopportunity costallocationscarcitycollusioncartelprice discriminationsignalingscreeninginequalityoptimizationefficiencydistortioncorrectionlegislationpolicystandardizationspillover